Spinal Fusion Surgery: Types, Recovery, and Results in Baghdad

Spinal fusion surgery is one of the most commonly performed spine operations worldwide, and one of the most significant advances in modern spine care. When the spine becomes unstable — whether due to degenerative disease, spondylolisthesis, deformity, or trauma — fusion connects two or more vertebrae permanently to restore stability and relieve pain. Dr. Ghazwan Hasan performed Baghdad's first Minimally Invasive TLIF (MIS-TLIF) and continues to advance fusion techniques in Iraq using the latest endoscopic approaches.

What Is Spinal Fusion?

Spinal fusion surgery joins two or more adjacent vertebrae into a single solid bone unit, eliminating painful movement at the unstable segment. This is achieved by placing bone graft material (from the patient's own body, a bone bank, or synthetic substitutes) between the vertebrae and stabilising the segment with titanium screws and rods. Over 3 to 6 months, the bone graft integrates and the fusion becomes solid.

TLIF, PLIF, and OLIF: What Is the Difference?

There are several surgical approaches to lumbar interbody fusion. TLIF (Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion) approaches the disc space from the side (transforaminal route), allowing disc removal and cage insertion with minimal nerve retraction. It is the most widely performed lumbar fusion technique today. PLIF (Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion) approaches the disc from directly behind, requiring more nerve retraction than TLIF. OLIF (Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion) accesses the disc from the side (oblique lateral approach), completely avoiding the neural elements. Each technique has specific indications and advantages depending on the patient's anatomy and pathology.

MIS TLIF: Baghdad's First Minimally Invasive Fusion

Dr. Hasan performed the first MIS TLIF in Baghdad, and the first TLIF by a local surgeon in Baghdad. MIS TLIF performs the same spinal fusion procedure through smaller incisions using tubular retractors and percutaneous pedicle screws, dramatically reducing muscle damage compared to open surgery. Blood loss is significantly less, hospital stay is shorter (1 to 3 days vs 4 to 7 for open), and recovery is faster. Dr. Hasan has since advanced to UBE TLIF — performing the first fully endoscopic lumbar fusion in Iraq.

Recovery After Spinal Fusion

Recovery from minimally invasive spinal fusion is significantly faster than open surgery. Most patients are walking the day after surgery. Hospital stay is 2 to 4 days. Return to light activities occurs at 4 to 6 weeks. The fusion itself takes 3 to 6 months to become solid, during which heavy lifting and strenuous activity are restricted. Physiotherapy begins at 4 to 6 weeks post-operatively, focusing on core strengthening and posture. Most patients experience significant improvement in back pain and leg pain within weeks of surgery.

Consult Dr. Hasan in Baghdad

If you have been told you need spinal fusion surgery and want to discuss minimally invasive options, contact Dr. Ghazwan Hasan's clinic at the Ashur Building, Al-Kindi Street, Harthiya, Baghdad. Call +964 771 409 9298 to book your consultation.